Re-Configurable Antenna & Transmission Power for Location Aware MANET Routing with Multiple Objective Optimization

In this paper we develop a Directional Antenna Multi-path Location Aided Routing (DA-MLAR) scheme with On Demand Transmission Power (ODTP) support. The routing approach is based on multiple objectives. DAMLAR is a reactive routing protocol that minimizes the protocol overhead of other reactive routing protocols. DAMLAR also improves the packet delivery ratio and end-toend delay. The targeted application contexts include MANET with energy awareness, and communications in space networks, where efficient and reliable packet delivery is very challenging due to the high bit error rate, intermittent connectivity, limited bandwidth, and energy. By using different transmission power based on the calculated distance from the current sender node to the destination node or the next hop node, DA-MLAR-ODTP gets the best of the directional and omni-directional modes. Compared to DA-MLAR, on demand transmission power mode further improves the packet delivery ratio by up to 37% and dwindles end-to-end delay by up to 57% with approximately the same amount of energy consumption. The multiple objective optimization is based on using a Normalized Weighted Additive Utility Function (NWAUF) approach that shows comparison of different objective performances with and without on demand transmission power capability. Simulation experiments were conducted. They show that is the developed technique strengthens the reliability of communication systems for given targeted objectives.